How can I tell whether a Montblanc writing instrument is genuine, especially when buying online (e.g. on eBay)?

A reliable assessment can never be made on a single feature alone — it always comes from several indicators considered together. Top-tier counterfeits from Dubai and the Far East now imitate serial numbers, the Pix logo under the clip and even the warm glow of the precious resin, so practically every individual feature can be faked. The more details that line up, the more confident the verdict; for expensive pieces it is wise to have the instrument authenticated in a Montblanc boutique or by a reputable specialist dealer before purchase.

The nib is the most important and most difficult feature to fake. Genuine gold nibs are stamped with 4810 (the height of Mont Blanc in metres), the gold-fineness mark 585 (14 K) or 750 (18 K), often a 14C or 18C, and a small Pix logo or MB. As soon as a nib is engraved with "Iridium Point Germany", "IPG", "Iridium Tip" or a bare "Made in Germany", it is almost certainly a fake — Montblanc does not use these markings. A real gold nib also has noticeable spring; an uncompromisingly hard, rigid tip points to a gold-plated steel nib. The slit on a genuine nib runs perfectly straight and centred, with both tines aligned exactly.

Since roughly 1997 a small Pix logo has been on the inside of the clip. It is small, machine-stamped neatly and centred. Pre-war and older models do not carry it — its absence is therefore not a proof of forgery. High-end fakes now imitate the Pix as well, but a sloppy Pix is a clear warning sign.

The serial number on the lower clip ring (cone ring) was introduced in 1991. Early numbers consist of two letters followed by seven digits in block lettering; later numbers use an OCR-style font. The engraving is uniform in depth, neatly centred and machine-precise. Blurred, crooked or unevenly deep characters are suspicious. Original pieces from before 1991 do not have a serial number — its absence does not necessarily mean it is a fake.

The white star in the cap top is six-pointed with softly rounded tips, sits centred in the black precious-resin top and is inlaid seamlessly. Visible glue lines, an offset border, a printed or stick-on star, asymmetry, or a black instead of white star are clear forgery markers. The orientation of the star relative to the clip can be checked too — on the original it is clean.

The three cap rings are trade-mark protected: a writing instrument with only one or two rings is not an original Meisterstück. The middle ring carries a clean engraving of MONTBLANC, often supplemented with MEISTERSTÜCK and PIX. The lettering is exactly centred and uniformly deep.

The material is precious resin, a high-grade plexiglass derivative. Shining a strong torch through cap or barrel reveals a deep wine-red to ruby glow — the precious-resin test. If the barrel stays pitch black or shows a bluish tint, the material is most likely ordinary plastic. However, the resin of some other manufacturers also glows red, so this test alone is not conclusive. Painted or lacquered surfaces do not occur on Montblanc writing instruments; visible paint or distinct colour layers are an unambiguous sign of forgery. The Mozart range made of lacquered metal is an exception — the wall would have been too thin for precious resin.

Finish should be flawless: threads run smoothly, the cap screws on with a defined stop in roughly 1.5 to 2 turns, the inner cap sits firmly and seals the nib, and converter threads run without play. Visible burrs, rough edges, ill-fitting parts, a wobbly clip or sloppily set fittings indicate a copy.

Dimensions and weight of the 149 Meisterstück for reference: capped about 147 mm, barrel diameter around 14.9 mm, total weight about 29 to 32 grams (cap c. 12 g, body c. 20 g). The 146 measures about 142 mm and weighs around 25 g. Significant deviations — especially noticeably lower weight from plastic substitution — are a warning sign.

On the Starwalker, a black plastic cap on the barrel end is a classic forgery marker — on the original this end piece is metal. The nib type must also match the model: a Starwalker fitted with a classic Meisterstück nib is a cheap mash-up. Rollerballs should not have an ink window; a rollerball with a window is obviously assembled wrongly.

Packaging and papers complete the picture. The original box is heavy, with an embossed star, often containing a leather pouch. A service guide bearing the serial number, a warranty card and a certificate of authenticity are included. The print is high-quality, free of typos and poor image resolution. A cheap-looking cardboard box with thin print or spelling errors is suspicious. Missing papers alone do not make a piece a fake — vintage pieces in particular often change hands without the original box.

On eBay and similar platforms, the seller's profile matters at least as much as the writing instrument itself. Suspicious markers include profiles with less than 99 % positive feedback, pawnshops and estate-sale resellers without obvious pen expertise, sellers using only stock photos or blurry images, very generic or obviously copied descriptions, and shipping from Dubai, China, Hong Kong, Singapore or Turkey. Unusually round prices like 215, 240 or 350 euros are also typical fake-seller markers. A price clearly below market value (a 149 for under 350 euros, a 146 for under 250 euros in used condition) is a clear warning.

The complete-set trick is also popular: an original Montblanc is paired with fake cartridges, a fake converter, a fake box or fake pouch and the set is offered well above MSRP — the buyer focuses on the high price and the accessories and overlooks the fact that the actual pen is fake too. Conversely, originals are sometimes hidden in scruffy-looking sets to fly under the radar of standard searches.

Safe sources are Montblanc boutiques and montblanc.com, large authorised dealers like Penboard.de, Drawe, Wilkening, Stilografica.it or Iguana Sell, and established collectors from the major forums (Penexchange.de, Fountainpennetwork.com) with long-standing reputations. Anyone buying via online auctions should additionally ask the seller for detailed photos of the inner cap, the nib from both sides, the underside of the clip and the cone ring — sellers offering an original supply these images without hesitation.

Rule of thumb: a single conspicuous feature can also deviate on a genuine piece, especially with vintage instruments; conversely, a single matching feature proves nothing because top-tier fakes mimic it. Only the combination of correct nib engraving, clean finishing, correct dimensions and weight, a credible seller, and honest pricing allows a reliable verdict. When in doubt, the paid authentication at a Montblanc boutique or with a specialised repair shop is worth it.


Which refills fit old Montblanc ballpoints such as the No. 315?

The original refills came from Ballograf, since Montblanc cooperated with the Swedish manufacturer at the time; they are hard to obtain in Germany but available without trouble in Vienna or directly from Ballograf in Sweden. As a workable substitute, forum members recommend a standard DIN large-capacity refill (e.g. Schneider Express 225 or Schmidt) with the rear plastic spacer snipped off and the end filed smooth so the lever mechanism still works correctly. The Schmidt refills are mentioned as the best choice in terms of quality. Penboard.de also offers an adapter for old ballpoints. Worries that snipped refills might leak are dismissed by experienced collectors as unfounded, since the writing paste is sealed by an oil layer.


Which storage boxes or collector cases are suitable for several high-end writing instruments?

What matters is a padded, velvet-like lining of the slots so that lacquer and fittings do not get scratched; bare wooden slots without padding are unsuitable. Montblanc offers a leather collector's case for 10 writing instruments (item 35819, MSRP 320 euros), and Gutberlet has portfolios for up to 100 pieces. Italian makers such as Visconti, Montegrappa and OMAS used to offer wooden cases with glass lids, but these are now hard to find; offers from the United States are often poor in quality and unattractive due to shipping costs. For retrofitting home-built wooden cases, self-adhesive velvet film (e.g. d-c-fix) is mentioned, with the caveat that plasticisers in PVC films can damage writing instruments over time — it is worth asking the manufacturer about that.

General questions on writing instruments


What ink properties (viscosity, surface tension) do the standard inks from Lamy, Pelikan and Montblanc show?

Measurements show that all three royal-blue inks have very similar viscosities of about 1.01–1.03 mm²/s — only some 10 percent above water, with no real difference between them. There is, however, a clear difference in surface tension: Montblanc is around 49 mN/m, Pelikan around 57 mN/m and Lamy around 69 mN/m, so Montblanc shows the easiest start-up behaviour. A further drop in surface tension would lead to uncontrolled ink flow. Viscosity is determined with a capillary viscometer at a temperature held constant to 0.01 °C; surface tension is measured by the Wilhelmy method using a platinum ring or plate and a high-precision balance. Personal experiments with other inks can be useful, since the nib's behaviour and the ink interact strongly.


Where can one source high-quality letter paper and visiting cards on laid paper with steel-engraved or lacquer printing?

For steel engraving in Germany, Hannovera in Hanover and a workshop in Basel are recommended as good and comparatively reasonably priced suppliers; about 100 cards with first and last name cost roughly 150–200 euros. On real laid paper, steel engraving is considered the stylistically appropriate print; lacquer printing is criticised as an inferior alternative. Another option is blind embossing (also called die embossing) at a long-established print shop that still works with hand-set letterpress; a small desktop embossing press for monograms is also feasible. Druckerey.de is mentioned as a further source — they do not offer steel engraving but other techniques and a sample portfolio that can be ordered (10 euros, credited against a first order). Local bookbinders and print shops can often arrange contacts with steel-engraving craftsmen as well.


How can a newly bought Montblanc fountain pen (presumably a Noblesse) be identified, and what should one do if ink flow weakens with cartridges?

The pen described is not a Noblesse but a Montblanc SlimLine, which was produced in large numbers at the time; the collector's value is therefore low. If the nib is stamped "585", it is made of 14-karat gold; otherwise it is only gold-plated. The clip is generally only gold-plated. If ink flow drops with cartridge use, a thorough flushing of the pen with water normally helps. Professional repair is rarely worthwhile on these widespread models, since the cost typically exceeds the replacement value.


How can a Montblanc Boheme with a retractable nib be cleaned properly, given that it only takes cartridges and no water should run through the body?

A standard piston converter does not fit the retractable-nib Boheme and is not a sensible cleaning option either — the only exception is the mid-size model with a fixed nib. A proven approach is to build a cleaning tool from a thoroughly cleaned original cartridge cut open at the rear, with a pipette or rubber bulb fitted air- and water-tight; this lets you flush water across the nib and feed without flooding the mechanism. Montblanc offers a glass tube with a rubber bulb for this purpose. It is important not to let water run directly through the body, as the mechanism can corrode in the early Boheme, Rouge & Noir and Noir & Noir models. For roughly the past one and a half years the mechanisms have been made of stainless material, and Montblanc will swap older mechanisms in service on request.


Is there document-proof ink for fountain pens that meets the relevant DIN requirements?

Yes — document-proof fountain-pen ink exists. Montblanc Blue-Black, today sold as Midnight Blue, is an iron-gall ink and, according to Montblanc Customer Service, has been tested by the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) for light-fastness, water-drop resistance, smudge resistance and resistance to falsification attempts and is approved for documents including cheques. The package insert also marks the ink as document-proof. Other options mentioned are Noodler's Black (Bulletproof) and inks from De Atramentis. It is important not to mix iron-gall inks with other inks (they will thicken) and to clean the pen regularly.


How are piston-filler fountain pens built, and can a layperson repair them?

There is no universally valid description of the layout of piston-filler pens; mechanisms and threads vary considerably between manufacturers, and special tools such as pliers, pullers and wrenches are often needed for disassembly. On the Montblanc 31, the section can be unscrewed and replaced as a unit; the rear piston part can also be swapped out completely, which is normally safer than full disassembly. On older pre-war Montblanc models the feed and nib are friction-fit and can be carefully pulled out from the front; a replacement nib must match the feed in curvature, width and length. Tools are available, among others, from Tom Westerich (penboard.de); repair workshops at the Hamburg pen show and collector meet-ups offer a chance to learn from professionals. Beginners should first practise on cheap sacrificial pens.


How do M, B and OB nibs differ in shape and writing behaviour?

Choosing the right nib width is one of the most important decisions when buying a fountain pen and depends strongly on handwriting size, paper used and personal taste. The tipping of EF, F and M nibs is rounded at the front, allowing writing from various pen positions; they are particularly suitable for beginners and daily heavy writing. B and BB nibs are ground flat at the front, leaving a horizontal stroke under the tip and producing a wider line. OM, OB and OBB nibs are ground at an angle and require a specific pen position; in skilled hands they enable calligraphic effects, but with the wrong grip they can scratch and are unsuitable for left-handers. At Montblanc the nib can be exchanged free of charge within 14 days of purchase; a later exchange is possible against a repair flat fee, provided the nib is unused and as new.


What is known about the Starwalker Special Edition "Soulmakers for 100 Years"?

It is the black Starwalker with a diamond in the acrylic dome of the cap; MSRP is 495 euros for the fountain pen and 395 euros for the ballpoint. Collectors report that the diamond "floats" beautifully in the acrylic body and shows off its facets, in contrast to the embedded diamond of the Solitaire Granit 1906 Edition. Delivery is expected in early April with the start of Montblanc's new business year. The silver-coloured Starwalker visible in the photo belongs to the 100 anniversary editions and is not identical to the black special anniversary edition.


Which nib widths does Montblanc offer, and what should one consider when choosing?

Montblanc fountain pens are typically available in nib widths EF, F, M, OM, B, OB, BB and OBB. The letter O stands for oblique, i.e. an angled tipping. Before buying, it is advisable to try various widths in a specialist shop, since the choice depends strongly on personal taste; the smaller the handwriting, the finer the nib should be. EF, F, M and OM are particularly suited to everyday use such as notes and letters, while signatures look most striking with B, OB, BB and OBB. After purchase from a specialist dealer there is a 14-day window in which the nib can be exchanged free of charge; later swaps are only possible via Montblanc Customer Service against a repair flat fee. In the Meisterstück range nibs have changed visibly over the decades; older 149 models have a bicolour nib similar to that of the 146, while newer 149s are made of yellow gold inside and out, platinum-plated in the middle.


How can one estimate the approximate market value of a writing instrument?

A serious valuation requires the writing instrument in hand, since condition is decisive and prices fluctuate strongly with supply and demand. A practical method is to research on eBay via the advanced search: enter the model as precisely as possible (e.g. "Montblanc 136"), search ended auctions worldwide, and narrow further by categories such as Collectibles or Watches & Jewellery if needed. Collector shows in Cologne and Hamburg as well as specialist forums (fountainpen.de, penexchange.de, fountainpennetwork.com) are further sales channels, although prices achieved there are clearly below eBay levels because collectors usually only buy at bargain prices and have a high level of price knowledge. Selling at shows also incurs stand fees.


What facts are known about the Writers Edition 2005 "Miguel de Cervantes"?

The edition is delivered in September 2005, comprises three writing instruments as usual and is dedicated to Miguel de Cervantes. The design recalls a periscope with tapering steps separated by gold-plated metal bands and a black-brown marbled lacquer body; the clip is also stepped. The nib engraving shows a windmill. Edition size and prices are unchanged from the previous years: fountain pen 650 euros MSRP, ballpoint 350 euros MSRP, set of three (fountain pen, ballpoint, mechanical pencil 0.7 mm) 1,350 euros MSRP. In dimensions the series is just below or on a par with the LeGrand models; weight is higher because of the materials, but the fountain pen does not reach Solitaire weight. Subscription prices can be requested from late July with Scription.


Do nibs really break in to one's individual writing style?

The majority of forum members deny any genuine break-in: the iridium pellet at the nib tip is so hard that practically no measurable wear occurs in normal use — not even after decades, so used pens can be bought without concern. What is felt as "breaking in" is in practice mostly the writer's own adaptation to the instrument. Only when the iridium pellet is broken off does the softer gold wear quickly. Targeted nib customisation is possible at the Montblanc service in Hamburg, where the writing style is observed and the nib individually ground. Since gold nibs are made by hand and vary even within one nib width, switching to a different nib of the same width can bring noticeable improvements.


Which variants of the Montblanc Meisterstück 146 exist from the 1970s onwards, and how do they differ?

The 146 was reintroduced in 1974 and has been built in several variants since. A simplified overview from observation: 1973–1979 blue-grey ink window, ebonite feed, single-tone gold nib, "Germany"; 1980–1984 same configuration with "W. Germany"; from 1985 additionally a brass piston mechanism; from c. 1987 bicolour nib while keeping the blue-grey window and ebonite feed, with serial number (two letters + six digits); from c. 1988 a new T-shaped plastic feed; from 1990 a striped ink window; from 1994 without the Pix symbol. Bicolour nibs with blue windows therefore also occur from the factory in a transition phase, not only through later nib swaps in service. Later 146s are slightly longer and bear the addition "LeGrand". The cap can read "Montblanc – Meisterstück No 146", "Montblanc – Meisterstück" or with the addition "Pix", depending on the variant.


Which nibs are suitable for a light calligraphy effect in everyday use?

Today's nibs produce only a limited calligraphic effect, since stiffer nibs have been made since the introduction of the ballpoint in the 1950s to tolerate the typical writing pressure of users. Anyone who wants a real, clearly varying line should sensibly turn to an old, broken-in fountain pen with an OM or OB nib, or to pre-war models such as Watermans from 1900–1910 with flexible EF nibs. Current options for a light effect are Aurora Italic or Stub, the music nib of the OMAS Filarmonica, or the Calligraphique nib of the Cartier Louis Cartier. With Montblanc, an OB or O3B nib on the 149 produces a discreet line-width difference. Writing with flexible or oblique-ground nibs requires practice and the right grip on the pen.


What colours are in the Jansen / De Atramentis ink range?

Jansen inks have been popular among collectors for years. The colour range covers a broad selection of typical hues: in the yellow band lemon-yellow, golden-yellow, ochre-yellow and yellow-orange. In the red and pink spectrum: red-orange, poppy-red, antique-rose, carmine, coral, ruby, magenta, fuchsia, red-brown, Bordeaux and oriental red. In the brown range: copper-brown, terra di Sienna and sepia. The greens include May green, moss green, olive, bamboo green, fir green, patina green, emerald, turquoise and mint. In the blues and purples: light blue, sky blue, royal blue, steel blue, sapphire, Atlantic blue, indigo, lavender, dark blue, heather purple, deep purple and aubergine. Greys and blacks include fog grey, silver grey, cement grey, ebony, black, graphite black and night black, plus a document ink and Sahara grey. The colours shown are only a first reference, since the actual colour depends on the ink flow and nib width of the pen used; correct colour reproduction also requires a calibrated monitor and a colour-managed scanner.


Are there even finer nibs than the Lamy EF, e.g. for writing on squared paper?

True third-party nibs do not exist, but Japanese makers like Pilot, Namiki or Nakaya supply nibs that are clearly thinner than European brands; a Japanese F is roughly equivalent to a European EF and there are even XF nibs. For the Lamy system the Lamy gold EF nib (from the Studio or Accent) can be fitted to the Logo 06; if needed, a nibmeister can grind it finer still. Paper has a very large influence: on absorbent or rough paper even an EF appears thicker, while satin-finished sized paper (e.g. from Clairefontaine) shows the line noticeably finer. Ink also plays a role — Montblanc Blue-Black / Midnight Blue writes a touch thinner than other water-based inks.


What is known about the Montblanc Meisterstück White Pearl Edition, especially regarding edition size and distribution?

The Montblanc Meisterstück White Pearl Edition pens were never officially distributed through boutiques or specialist shops. In total only about 100 pieces are believed to have been produced, sold exclusively through a Montblanc-internal private sale to selected dealers. For this reason the pens appear on the market only very rarely. There is some confusion regarding the name: the packaging of one model 144 carries the name "Magic Beauty II", while a Montblanc expert confirms "White Pearl" as the correct designation. These naming inconsistencies trace back to the fact that the edition was never officially offered through the trade. Some pens were sold individually, with complete sets very rare. Even though the exact number remains unknown and estimates put it at around 100 pieces, the White Pearl / Magic Beauty II ranks among Montblanc's rarest editions.


What helps when a pen with strong ink flow makes a particular ink bleed heavily?

The main culprit is usually not the ink itself but the paper: on absorbent copier paper inks like Private Reserve Tropical Blue spread more, while on better, sized paper (e.g. Clairefontaine) a clean line emerges. The thread bears this out: with better paper the bleed disappeared completely. Alternatively, the ink flow at the pen can be tuned by adjusting nib and feed alignment, although on expensive gold-nibbed pens many collectors do not feel comfortable doing this themselves. Big differences in ink viscosity are rarely seen in the forum; brands like Diamine or Noodler's are not generally regarded as particularly "dry". When buying ink, an individual recommendation from experienced dealers like Rolf Thiel (missing-pen.de) is worthwhile.


What does a nib swap at Montblanc cost, and under what conditions is it free?

Within six weeks of purchase a nib swap is free of charge according to Montblanc Customer Service, provided the nib is in as-new condition. For Limited Editions this period is extended to twelve months. The pen, together with the completed warranty card or the proof of purchase, must be presented at a Montblanc boutique, an authorised specialist dealer or a service centre. Calligraphy nibs are excluded from the free exchange.

Montblanc offers eight nib widths: EF (Extra Fine), F (Fine), M (Medium), B (Broad), BB (Double Broad), OM (Oblique Medium), OB (Oblique Broad) and OBB (Oblique Double Broad). Within the free period it is possible to switch between these widths, with multiple swaps until full satisfaction permitted in this window.

Outside the free period Montblanc charges a service fee. The manufacturer does not give a flat price — the exact amount depends on the model, the condition of the old nib and the requested new width, and is only confirmed after inspection at the service centre. A written quote before placing the job is therefore advisable. Ad-hoc statements from sales staff at the boutique counter without inspecting the nib should be treated with caution.

Important: the nib width is encoded in the pen's individual serial number. An official swap can therefore only be carried out by Montblanc itself — nib changes by unauthorised workshops are technically possible but do not change the recorded configuration and may void the warranty.

On request Montblanc returns the old nib; without that instruction it is melted down. The two-year international manufacturer's warranty covers material and workmanship faults; during this period the corresponding repairs are free for the customer, except shipping costs.

Practical hints: it is most convenient to use the service via a Montblanc boutique or an authorised specialist dealer; alternatively direct shipping to a service centre is possible. The warranty card or dated proof of purchase should be enclosed. Processing time is typically a few weeks; an over-the-counter swap is only possible in exceptional cases. Anyone wanting to avoid the full service fee should act within the six-week period (or twelve months for Limited Editions); for gifts it is advisable to check at the boutique early on whether the nib width matches the recipient's writing style.


Which paper is suitable for a blank book to be written in with demanding inks like Dr. Jansen "Terra di Sienna" or gold-leaf ink?

Paper from Clairefontaine is recommended; it is available from good specialist shops and has also proved itself for breaking in old nibs. A further option is the refill of the Montblanc Diaries & Notes / Notes and Matters books (item 9526), which can be ordered individually at boutiques; the paper matches the well-known Montblanc test pads. Anyone who wants a custom-made blank book should approach a local bookbinder and supply their own high-quality paper if needed. Inks with high paper requirements feather quickly on soft writing paper, so firm, smooth, sized paper is preferable.


How can a fake of the Montblanc Star Walker Resin fountain pen be told apart from the genuine pen?

When capped, a fake of the Montblanc Star Walker Resin fountain pen is barely distinguishable from the original. With the pen open, the clearest difference is at the nib. The original carries a 14-karat white-gold nib in a stand-alone, modern shape; the breather hole area is enclosed so that no slits are visible under the nib. The fake by contrast uses a bicolour-painted steel nib in white and gold, and slits are visible underneath. A typical marker on counterfeit nibs is the inscription "Iridium Point Germany" or "Iridium Point Paris". Another indicator is the use of piston converters which do not fit the original — Montblanc piston converters cannot be used in the original Star Walker. A weight comparison shows that the fake is heavier than the original. While the rollerball fake is hard to distinguish from the original, the fake fountain pen is easily identified by its typical counterfeit nib.


Why do some Montblanc pens, normally delivered with 14-karat nibs, carry an 18-karat gold nib?

When a Montblanc pen normally sold in Germany with a 14-karat gold nib unexpectedly carries an 18-karat gold nib, the reason most often lies in the French market. In France only pens with 18-karat gold nibs are offered — including standard models like the 146, 144 and 114 as well as older pens. Even special editions like the Special Anniversary Edition come with a special 18-karat nib in France. A German pen of these models with an 18-karat nib therefore usually originates from France.


Which ink colour is regarded historically and today as the classic for fountain pens?

Historically, ink was black, since the original ingredients were soot and iron-gall; iron-gall is still found today in blue-black ink. The colour blue only took hold in the 20th century and is today regarded as the typical fountain-pen ink — many career guides also recommend blue for signatures. Black has the advantage that it used to copy better, although that argument is moot with modern colour copiers. The most important point is to choose a water-soluble ink, since only such inks can be flushed out of the pen with simple means; royal blue inks are usually water-soluble. Pelikan 4001 royal blue and Lamy royal blue are inexpensive and good; Pelikan 4001 black, by contrast, tends to clog the feed and is not water-soluble.


How can an old fountain pen with a damaged nib be identified and repaired?

Without a clear brand mark, identification is possible from the nib, the clip, the section and the barrel end; close-up photos of these areas help. A small, partially hidden nib points for instance to a Parker or a French make, while a blind cap at the barrel end qualifies that. Repairing a broken nib is very expensive; it is usually cheaper and more sensible to find an intact original nib of the same model and fit it. A list of repair specialists is on fountainpen.de; for nib-only work nibs.com is an address. With pre-war pens the feed and nib can often be carefully pulled out from the front. Markings like "14K"/"585" on the nib confirm gold quality; concrete dimensions help the repairer find suitable replacement nibs.


How can disturbing engravings or their gold inlay be removed from an old fountain pen (e.g. Montblanc 342)?

Mechanically polishing out the engraving is discouraged, since the early post-war plastic has already lost plasticisers and weakening of the wall can lead to body damage. An ultrasonic bath can dissolve the gold inlay but also attacks the sealing compound and is therefore risky. The recommended middle path is to have an engraver or locksmith cover the gold inlay with the usual black wax stick, which significantly tones down the engraving without harming the substance. Generally there is also an argument for keeping engravings as part of the pen's history. Careful polishing with Wenol is acceptable on old models too, as long as the work is not too aggressive; for repairs HMS is recommended.


Why is Jens Rösler's "Montblanc Diary & Collector's Guide", according to Penparadise, considered the "bible" for Montblanc collectors?

Jens Rösler, son of the last private owner of Montblanc, Dr. Jürgen Rösler (12 March 1930 – 9 September 2003), describes in his "Montblanc Diary & Collector's Guide" the company's history from the founding of the Simplo Filler Pen Company in 1908 through to the Second World War. Substantial parts draw on the recollections of his grandmother Annemarie Rösler, née Voss. The book is illustrated with numerous images of rare writing instruments and period documents and offers detailed descriptions in the appendix of nearly all models produced in this period.

For Montblanc collectors it is currently the only comprehensive reference of its kind and rightly counts as the indispensable bible of pre-war Montblancs. The work is now only available on the collector market and is worth every cent even at prices beyond 250 euros.


Is buying a higher-end pen (e.g. Cross Apogee, Montblanc) worthwhile for heavy writing during a degree, or was it a mistake?

Initial dissatisfaction with a new high-end pen is usually not a wrong purchase but a question of getting used to it and of the surrounding conditions. High-quality gold nibs react sensitively to paper quality: recycled paper with short fibres or rough sorts noticeably slow the nib, while the often glossy demo paper in shops distorts the writing feel. With start-up and ink-flow issues a cleaning often helps. An M, F or B nib should work fine on usual quality paper; a settling-in time of weeks is normal. Push-on caps are seen critically over time, as they can become loose or split; screw caps and a protective sleeve are more practical for daily use. Cross gives a Lifetime Warranty on its products, although long-term lacquer experience with the Apogee series is scarce.


Can inks other than Montblanc inks be used in a Montblanc fountain pen, e.g. for a particular green colour or better ink flow?

Third-party inks can be used in a Montblanc without problem in principle; the warnings of some dealers about suspended particles or quality variations are not borne out in practice. Jansen inks like fir-green or Atlantic blue are praised by forum members for their good flow and strong colours and can even ease start-up problems on the 146. Standardgraph moss-green and Parker Quink as well as Private Reserve Sherwood Green are also popular options, although Sherwood Green dries slowly. Iron-gall ink should only be used in dip-pen holders designed for it, not in a fountain pen. Some inks like Noodler's are regarded as fairly viscous. Very old ink should not be used.


How do collectors arrange their desks, and which brands and accessories are combined?

Among forum members the spectrum reaches from minimalist and sober through to deliberately aesthetic "Gesamtkunstwerk" arrangements. Frequently named brands for desk accessories are Montblanc (Meisterstück leather desk pad, notepads, business-card holder, A4 portfolio), El Casco (leather trays, pen cups, table butlers), Versace/Rosenthal and Edwood. Heavy desks are recommended to be supplemented with black leather lines or gilded accents, and brands combined consistently in style. Several voices point out that an over-full desk distracts from actual work — a functional, tidy setup is often the better solution. Beautiful pen cabinets or collector boxes can put prominent pieces in the spotlight without overloading the workspace.


Are there alternative refills for the Montblanc Rollerball Classique with a better line or wider stroke?

The market is narrow: Lamy refills like the M30 or M32 fit with some adjustment but write only moderately well (the M30 is felt-tip-like, the M32 rated as critical). The M30 does not fit in the LeGrand. Workable alternatives from personal testing include the Schneider Topball 850 with a wider stroke and good writing behaviour — adjustment also needed here. In general the comfort of a fountain pen for heavy writing is regarded as superior to a rollerball, so this is a niche issue with limited supplier choice. Anyone wishing to experiment should test various gel and ink-roller refills as well as fibre refills, and possibly keep Montblanc's original refills for occasional premium use.


What does the Montblanc Writers Edition Virginia Woolf look like, and what are the first impressions?

On the first press images the Virginia Woolf appears rather restrained, but in hand it is much more convincing: the surface shows a dark brown shifting toward Bordeaux with a wave pattern alluding to Woolf's novel "The Waves". Gold fittings harmonise with the warm body; the clip is half polished, half satin-finished, and accentuated by a round red stone (presumably not a real ruby). It was debated whether it is a cartridge or piston filler — according to Stylo.ca a piston filler, although without a visible ink window. Market launch is expected in August/September; size is comparable to the 146-class Writers Edition models.


What helps against light start-up and scratching on a new Montblanc 149 with M nib?

Using sandpaper without experience is strongly discouraged. For start-up problems an ink change to a thinner brand (e.g. Pelikan or Lamy royal blue) often already helps. Slight noises with an M nib can come from "squeak" on certain papers — satin-finished, high-quality paper noticeably reduces this without being significantly more expensive. Genuine scratching often comes from misaligned tines; under a magnifier both halves should sit at the same height, otherwise the nib must be straightened. A gentle break-in, with start-up improving day by day, is normal; a proven trick is to start a new line with a tiny dot.


How can a fake of the Montblanc Bohème Solitaire "Je t'aime" Sterling Silver be identified?

On a fake Montblanc Bohème Solitaire "Je t'aime" Sterling Silver the typical counterfeit nib stamped "Iridium Point Germany" or "Iridium Point Paris" is immediately visible when opened. In a size comparison the fake is larger than the original. The clip stone on this model should be heart-shaped, but the fake carries a stone resembling the regular Bohème pens. The breather hole also differs: on the original Je t'aime Sterling Silver it is heart-shaped rather than round. The spaces between the rings are flat on the original, while the fake shows ugly notches. At the front of the section the fake has a deep notch that is shallower on the original. The thread at the rear part is plastic on the fake, metal on the original. Under the clip the original carries a "Pix" engraving missing on the fake; the clip itself on the counterfeit is simply bent and looks cheap. Initial identification points are therefore the nib, the clip and the typical notches.


How can a Montblanc Boheme be cleaned thoroughly outside the boutique?

According to the service guide, water must enter the body of a Boheme neither from the front nor from the rear; only rinsing the nib is officially allowed. A thorough cleaning is however needed especially when black ink is used (which clogs quickly) or when the ink colour is to be changed. In boutiques Montblanc uses a special glass tube with a rubber bulb, fitted in place of the cartridge; this tool is not sold openly and is comparatively expensive at around 30 euros. A pragmatic solution is to open an old Montblanc cartridge at the rear with a knife (without shortening it too much), clean it, and attach a Montblanc piston converter; the new converters with a front thread sit particularly firmly. The empty cartridge is fitted into the Boheme, the converter attached, and the nib turned out, which retracts the converter together with it. By dipping the nib into water and operating the converter, water is drawn through the feed until the ink lightens visibly. Note that the cartridge must not be cut too short, otherwise the metal ring of the converter does not fit into the body; in an emergency a second empty cartridge can serve as an extension.


What can be said about an old fountain pen marked "Aristokrat"?

Aristokrat was a German manufacturer in Nuremberg, as the marking "Ges. Gesch." attests; in the 1950s the founder's piston pens were sold by direct sales in offices and authorities. Models existed in sizes roughly matching the Montblanc Mozart, as well as larger variants with 18-karat gold nibs. Based on the materials used, the model is dated to the late 1930s. The brand has no significant collector value; a well-preserved piece typically reaches only about 10 euros on eBay. Such pens lend themselves well to practising disassembly and polishing.


What is known about the Montblanc Writers Edition 2007 William Faulkner?

It is confirmed that the Writers Edition 2007 is dedicated to William Faulkner; design and materials were not officially announced at the time of the early hints. First indications from international forums suggest a brown colour scheme, which was received with reservation in the forum. It is discussed that Montblanc, in choosing the namesakes, has the US-American and Asian markets strongly in mind, since the German-speaking market accounts for only a small share of total turnover; German-speaking classics like Goethe or Kant have been wished for for years without success. Concrete nib engravings and detail shots were not expected until shortly before delivery.


In which periods were the Montblanc Meisterstück 144 and 146 produced after 1961, and are the models technically comparable?

With the introduction of the new, slimmer shapes designed by Albrecht Graf Goertz in 1959, production of the Meisterstück 142, 144 and 146 was discontinued; only the 149 continued. In 1969/70 the Goertz models received a flat cap top and new numbers (e.g. 320, 220, 120). In 1979 the gradual reintroduction of the classic design began; the Meisterstück 146 was officially relaunched in 1986 — although 1970s-era 146s are known, indicating transitional models. Current Meisterstücks are formally based on the 1950s predecessors but technically and materially considerably modernised. The 144 was later marketed as the Classique and discontinued some years ago; early Classique models sometimes still had no serial number.


How can larger collections of fountain pens be displayed long-term so they don't "go stale" in a cupboard?

Pen portfolios, e.g. those by Gutberlet (gutberlet.com) or collection portfolios from penboard.de, have proven good for keeping pens well protected. For a showcase look Montblanc offers a piano-lacquer black collector box that costs around 550 euros depending on size and holds up to 20 pens; variants in blue, green and a dark-brown wooden case matching the Mozart collection with an embossed star are also known. In daily use pieces are often kept in cases or pen stands. Leather loops in simple folders often do not hold ideally and are described as a sub-optimal solution. For exact prices ask at the boutique, as these collector boxes are not always listed.


How can fakes of S. T. Dupont lighters be identified on eBay?

Counterfeits now reach very high quality, so even experienced buyers are deceived. Estimates suggest about 90 percent of eBay listings are fake; certain serial numbers (e.g. 05D06A8) point to fakes. Anyone wanting an original should choose only auctions explicitly advertised as "Original S. T. Dupont" — "original packaging" alone is not enough. In case of doubt, contacting the manufacturer directly or informing the buyer is recommended. Very detailed identification markers are documented in a multi-page discussion in a specialised collector forum; if in doubt, even well-faked pieces are worth at most about 40 euros.


How can a fake of the Montblanc Limited Anniversary Edition — for instance one offered as "Solitaire Platinum" — be identified?

Montblanc never produced the Anniversary Edition in a Platinum variant with platinum-coated fittings; a pen offered as "Limited Anniversary Solitaire Platinum" must therefore be a fake. On the original, clip and rings are red-gold-plated, on the fake they are silver-coloured. On the three cap rings, between the rings of the counterfeit there are two black notches missing on the original; there the material between the rings matches the cap material — in this case 925 sterling silver. The nib of the fake often carries the imprint "Iridium Point Germany" or "Iridium Point Paris". On the cap top with the Anniversary ring and the diamond, the engraving on the fake is shallower; the serial number is stamped, while on the original it is laser-engraved. The Montblanc star on the fake also looks slightly jagged compared with the original. Overall this is a relatively easy fake to spot.


What is the book "Das Bleistiftschloss" edited by Jürgen Franzke, and what topics does it cover?

"Das Bleistiftschloss" is the companion volume — published in 1986 by Heinrich Hugendubel Verlag, Munich — to the exhibition of the same name at Schloss Faber-Castell, on view from 9 July to 19 October 1986. The book was edited by Jürgen Franzke and runs to about 160 pages (ISBN 3-88034-307-1). It covers various aspects of the more than 225-year history of the family company, including the generation contract, Schloss Faber-Castell in Stein, company history, the "village of pencil-makers", the relationship of order, good work and pay, and the castle as backdrop. Despite many illustrations only few writing instruments are shown; for interested collectors the volume is nevertheless worth reading.


How can a stuck piston mechanism caused by dried ink be loosened again?

When ink in a piston pen has dried out and the piston no longer moves, a simple water bath helps. Place the pen without cap with the nib pointing down into a glass and add lukewarm water (about 40 °C) so that the knob ends just under one centimetre above the water level. The pen should stand for at least three days, since the capillary forces of the feed slowly draw the water into the reservoir; turning the pen over once a day so the water also reaches the piston is sensible. This method works reliably but requires patience. A faster alternative is to unscrew the cone from the barrel with a special wrench and clean the barrel directly, which takes about an hour.


How can cartridge pens like the Boheme be cleaned with severely dried ink?

When a cartridge pen has been left uncleaned for a long time, ink residues can dry and impede flow; a simple piston converter is then often not enough. A proven method uses a Pelikan large-capacity cartridge and a so-called ear syringe from a pharmacy, e.g. size M for around 3.45 euros. Cut the rear of the cartridge open and clean it, then attach the ear syringe to the cartridge and fit the assembly into the pen as a normal cartridge would. To clean, hold the nib in water and squeeze the rubber ball; this loosens even stuck ink residue from the feed. The method is not limited to Boheme or Montblanc but is suitable for any cartridge pen.


How is the Montblanc Season's Greetings 2005 scented ink to be assessed?

Testers are convinced by the dark brown colour (between gingerbread and chocolate) and a discreet, Christmassy but not cinnamon- or speculaas-like scent. The fragrance intensity is below the well-known Loveletter Ink, which is felt to be pleasant. The ink bottle is a high-quality design object. The price at about 11.50 euros for the bottle is comparable to the Loveletter Ink. Anyone who does not want to carry the scent in their pen for weeks should choose the bottle rather than the cartridge, since the scent partly clings to the feed; on paper, however, the scent dissipates within a day. Quick supply shortages similar to the Loveletter Ink are expected.


Which special and scented inks does Montblanc offer?

Montblanc's special-ink range includes, among others, the Montblanc LoveLetter Ink and the Montblanc Season's Greetings ink. Both belong to the special inks that extend the line-up beyond the regular standard inks.


Which flat ink bottle with refill insert from the 1990s is being sought, and are there comparable products today?

The bottle in question is most likely the Parker Penman, which is no longer regularly available in that exact form. A virtually identical bottle is supplied today with the Parker Duofold True Blue, but buying it as a refill is expensive. Similar designs with plastic insert, refill funnel or a collection well for ink residues are offered by Levenger as well as Lamy, Sheaffer and Visconti in their ink bottles. Levenger inks and similar specialities are easy to obtain through Rolf Thiel (missing-pen.de); the assortment is broad and individual advice is possible. Anyone looking for a specific bottle can ask there directly.


How do you clean and polish precious-resin writing instruments safely?

The precious resin used by Montblanc is a modified methyl methacrylate (Plexiglas) and tolerates cleaning with water and washing-up liquid as well as, to a limited extent, low-volatile alkanes such as octane. Strictly avoid alcohols, esters (nail-polish remover), ketones (acetone), aromatics (benzene, toluene) and chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, chloroform), as they irreversibly damage the material within a very short time. For polishing, a water-soluble diamond paste with a grit of 0.25 µm (e.g. from Winter, Hamburg) is recommended; the polish Wenol is widespread in the collector scene and recommended by many repairers, but it has no declared grit size and can wear down coatings with repeated use. Cotton cloths should be as fresh as possible because detergent residues (zeolites) can cause micro-damage; microfibre cloths and unused cleaning cloths are a safe alternative.


Which features reveal counterfeit Montblanc Starwalker writing instruments?

The original Starwalker fountain pen is purely a cartridge filler; a Montblanc converter does not fit. Auctions in which a converter is included are therefore very likely fakes. The counterfeit nibs frequently bear the typical 'Iridium Point' inscription instead of a genuine Starwalker nib. Visually, fakes can be spotted by a black (instead of acrylic-clear) snow-cap dome in the gift-box lid, a 'jagged' rather than clean star on the service guide, wrong proportions (e.g. an overly long grip section) and a different number of fine transverse grooves on the barrel — the original has ten milled rings between grip and clip ring. Boheme fakes use the same telltale nibs; the counterfeit packaging is becoming better, which makes detection harder.


Should fountain pens be filled with ink or water before long-term storage, or left empty?

The right answer depends mainly on the piston material. Pens with plastic pistons, typically models from the 1960s onwards, can be stored empty without problems after a thorough cleaning. With cork pistons one must distinguish whether the cork has been freshly renewed; a freshly fitted cork soaked in wax stays tight for years even without being filled with water. Older, already used cork should likewise be stored dry, since even distilled water can promote bacteria over time, which in extreme cases leads to mould on cork or celluloid. If the pen is to be used again later, it is enough to fill it with water a few days before use so the cork can swell again. Ink is regarded as the most harmful thing that can be put in a fountain pen; therefore it is advisable to fully disassemble pens before storage, fit a new cork seal or a new ink sac, soak the parts for at least a week in water, and use only distilled water for filling. To test nib operation it is enough to dip the nib briefly in ink; the feed will draw enough for a writing sample. Pens with polyethylene seals, used by Montblanc from the model 252 onward, i.e. from the 1960s, do not need any moisture for storage.


Which colour variants exist of counterfeit Montblanc StarWalker rollerballs?

Several counterfeits of the Montblanc StarWalker edition exist in differing quality. A red rollerball plagiarism is a relatively well-made counterfeit with an engraved serial number on the cap and a grip section that comes close to the original. The clearest distinguishing feature is the colour of the barrel. Original StarWalker rollerballs are currently offered in only two variants: as Resin in black precious resin and as Rubber Line with a rubberised surface and laser engraving. Counterfeits of both exist. Beyond that, additional colour variants are known among the fakes: red, blue, green, black, white and a rubberised gold version.


Montblanc Meisterstück 145 or Caran d'Ache Léman — what should you look for in a three-piece writing set (fountain pen, ballpoint, pencil)?

Both brands deliver high-quality writing instruments; in a side-by-side test at a dealer testers found the Caran d'Ache Léman M nib to be finer and better suited to small handwriting than the somewhat broader-falling Montblanc M. In general, Montblanc nibs vary in line width and ink flow due to manual finishing; a nib test or exchange within the swap period is recommended. For everyday writing a moderate weight is comfortable — very light pens lead to cramping, very heavy ones cause fatigue. The Montblanc 145 (Chopin/Classique) is regarded as suitable for daily use, blot-free and popular; anyone who values a somewhat more flexible nib should consider alternative makers such as OMAS. Ultimately the individual writing feel at the dealer decides.


Can a nib with iridium tipping be 'broken in' at all, or is that a myth?

Pure material wear hardly occurs through the hard iridium grain; a true 'breaking in' through normal writing would, by estimate, take about 15 years. In reality two effects overlap: the nib tines are minimally spread through individual pressure, and the writer gets used to the behaviour of the pen. Anyone wanting to speed up the effect can use special nib polishing paper with 12,000 grit (e.g. from David Nishimura or via micro-mesh.de) and draw figure-of-eights laid flat on the sheet — this also removes light burrs and adapts the nib to one's own hand. Alternatively, the classic method using a soapstone is mentioned. Targeted manual adjustment should be done carefully, as removing too much material permanently changes the nib character.


How should fountain pens made of celluloid and hard rubber be stored correctly?

Older celluloid fountain pens should be filled with water roughly every three months during longer storage; some of the water visibly disappears, partly given off through condensation and partly absorbed by the celluloid, which prolongs the service life. Writing instruments made of celluloid and hard rubber must in general be protected from light, especially sunlight, since the material otherwise ages; celluloid was the first industrial plastic and tends to self-decompose, as is also known from old film reels. Hard rubber was historically only limitedly dyeable, which is why almost all pre-celluloid pens are black, while celluloid made strong, colourful tones possible. Pens of newer construction, particularly from around 1960 onward, can be stored empty but should first be flushed with water so that dried ink does not damage the piston seal lip in later use. Celluloid and hard-rubber pens must on no account be placed in an ultrasonic bath, as the colour can dissolve; polishes are also to be avoided because many products soften the surface. Hard rubber can be cared for by rubbing it with olive oil or gun oil such as Ballistol, which restores a darker surface. For material identification, celluloid is mostly very colourful and brightly dyed, while hard rubber shows muted tones such as black, dark red or rarely orange and can discolour to grey-brown or fawn under light influence; safe identification is only possible via a burn test, which, however, is not an option on a whole pen, since celluloid is extremely flammable.


How do you fill and clean a Montblanc Meisterstück LeGrand 146 correctly?

The LeGrand 146 is a piston filler: the turning knob at the back is gently turned to the stop (not over-turned), the nib is dipped about three-quarters into the ink bottle and then the piston is turned slowly back to draw ink. Afterwards a few drops are released back so the capillary chambers can equalise pressure and nothing blots. To clean, draw clear water in and out repeatedly until it stays clear; for drying, the pen should rest with the nib down in a lint-free cloth. A small air space of 2–3 mm in the ink window after filling is normal. The option of unscrewing the rear part completely applies only to converter models such as the 147; on the 146 the mechanism is permanently installed.


Where do the many Montblanc writing instruments come from that are offered as new on eBay clearly below boutique price?

There is no factory sale for private individuals or resale permission for staff at Montblanc — employees receive a limited quantity once a year at a discount; resale is strictly forbidden. Defective goods also do not leave production after factory tours. The low online prices can be explained by dealers operating with large quantities, international sources of supply and considerable margins; powersellers in the USA also occasionally bring editions onto the market before the official launch. Regular discount campaigns such as Payback at Kaufhof have, in the past, allowed up to 30 per cent off Montblanc ranges. Overall the online share of new Montblanc trade is considerable, and reputable private or commercial sources are possible without any employee sales being involved.


Why do you release a few drops of ink when filling a piston pen, and how deep should the nib be dipped?

When drawing up, the capillary chambers in the feed fill completely with ink; pushing out a few drops afterwards creates space so that these chambers can again perform their function (pressure equalisation when flying or with temperature changes) — this prevents blots and leaks and so protects clothing and paper above all. When dipping it is enough for the nib to stand fully in the ink; some collectors dip the grip section a little way in to keep the piston from drawing too much air — that is safer but requires wiping afterwards. It is important to operate the piston slowly so that the ink level reaches as high as possible.


Which variants of original Montblanc Fineliner refills exist and are they mutually compatible?

Even though the Montblanc Meisterstück Fineliner was introduced as something of a small revolution, Finelliners from Montblanc existed before. Today two variants of the original Fineliner refills are in circulation: the older variant and the current version. Both fit the older as well as the new writing instruments. In addition there was another variant from roughly 1972 to 1990, namely the older version without thread, intended for the Montblanc Quickpen and similar models.


Which features distinguish counterfeits of the Montblanc Kafka edition and how can they be recognised?

Of the Montblanc Kafka edition counterfeits have meanwhile turned up as ballpoints and as rollerballs, although the Kafka never existed as an original rollerball. The fakes look comparatively high-quality compared with earlier plagiarisms; the cap top comes quite close to the original and the rollerball also looks well finished at first glance. The engraving of the serial number, on the other hand, is comparatively sloppy: on all known Kafka counterfeits the same serial number 04581/16500 always appears. Two easily checkable distinguishing features are particularly important: on the original parts of the cap and barrel are reddish-translucent, while the fake is not transparent at these points; on the ballpoint this is the only immediately visible criterion. In addition, fundamentally there has never been an original Kafka rollerball. The increasingly better quality of the plagiarisms makes purchase from a specialist dealer the only safe source.


How do you hold and guide a fountain pen with an OM or OF nib, and are such nibs suitable for signatures?

Obliquely ground nibs (oblique, abbreviation 'O') produce a broader script with narrower vertical strokes and react very sensitively to hand position; at the wrong angle the nib scratches or skips. There are considerable differences between OF and OB, so extensive writing samples before purchase are important. For very flowing signatures these nibs are not ideal, but they can be used optimally by lightly turning the pen (counter-clockwise so the oblique foot lies parallel to the paper) — this gives maximum line variation. A detailed English-language guide is available in an article on richardspens.com. Signatures with a ballpoint are regarded among collectors as a stylistic faux pas.


Which fountain pen in the 100–200 euro range can be recommended for everyday use?

Around 100 euros two models stand out: the Lamy 2000 (piston filler with gold nib, very solid technology and good finish) and older Pelikan models such as the Tradition M 250 or the M200/M205, optionally with 18 K gold nib; Pelikan 252, 254 or 256 are also recommended. Important before buying is to test different sizes and nib widths in the hand at a dealer — F is generally regarded as well suited for everyday use, but preferences are individual. At 200 euros the field opens up considerably (Aurora 88, Faber-Castell, Caran d'Ache Madison, etc.); the personal writing test remains decisive. With used pens, condition and trustworthy sources are worth looking at.


Who produces the modern Kaweco Sport fountain pens, and does the original company still exist?

The original 'Heidelberger Federhalter-Fabrik Koch, Weber & Co.' no longer exists; the trademark rights and production of the modern Kaweco Sport fountain pens lie today with Gutberlet. The historical Kaweco already had compact, cylindrical safety pens for ladies, officers and sport travellers in its programme by 1911, made of guilloché or marbled hard rubber and in special editions of silver, tula or Toledo. Today's Sport models are a homage to this classic design, but the brand's economic significance is no longer comparable with the pre-war period.


Are the M and B nib widths of Montblanc and Faber-Castell directly comparable?

Nib widths vary considerably between makers and partly within a brand, since Montblanc nibs are ground manually. Tendentially Montblanc nibs are broader than those of comparable brands (Cross M is narrower than Montblanc M); Dunhill and Aurora are similar at M; a Faber-Castell Anello M tends to seem somewhat broader than a Montblanc M, with ample but not excessive ink flow. The thinner the nominal nib width, the more clearly variation within a model shows — on the Faber Intuition, several nibs of width M showed differences in line width and ink flow. Bringing one's own paper for sample writing is recommended, since the satin sample paper of shops distorts the script.


What is known about the old writing-instrument brand 'Weltpen'?

Welt Pen was a brand of the Berlin company Schmieglitz & Co. GmbH, which produced several models such as the Wep, Extra and Zep as well as a 'Meisterstück' (also known as 'Dicke Berta' — even larger than a Montblanc 139). Stylistically, some pieces took on elements from the competition, e.g. the cap band of the Waterman Patrician for a ladies-format set. The company suffered greatly from World War II and was liquidated in the early 1950s. Online sources about the company are barely findable, so the knowledge comes primarily from collector circles. There is no connection with the Dutch supplier of the same name.


Which variants of counterfeit Montblanc piston converters are documented and how can they be recognised?

Piston converters for Montblanc writing instruments are now also being counterfeited, with three main variants known. Counterfeit 1 comes very close to the older variant of the Montblanc piston converter; the differences from the original are barely perceptible, only on the rear grip section is a small deviation visible. Counterfeit 2 and Counterfeit 3 by contrast are very quickly recognisable as plagiarisms because quality and finish are clearly poor and show hardly any commonalities with the original. In a corresponding overview, two originals are set against three counterfeits, where above all material, finish and constructive details of the grip section deliver the essential distinguishing features.


What is known about the Montblanc Writers Edition 2010 Mark Twain?

The Writers Edition 2010 is dedicated to Mark Twain; on the nib a rope knot is engraved. First, still blurred photos circulated in international collector forums. A criticism from the early writing samples: the pens apparently tend to write broad. In parallel the forum discussed the Music Edition with John Lennon, whose stylistic logic in the line of previous Donation Pens (Bernstein, Menuhin, Solti, Karajan, Bach) provided material for debate. For a Goethe in the line, the German collector scene continues to wait in vain.


How can current counterfeits of Montblanc rollerball refills be distinguished from the original?

Earlier counterfeits of Montblanc rollerball refills were easy to recognise because original refills did not fit the counterfeit writing instruments. Current counterfeits of the rollerball refills barely differ from the original. The only reliable distinguishing feature is a number on the back of the refill, present on the original and missing on the counterfeit. When turning the rollerball refill, hardly any differences can be seen; the Pix logo may appear somewhat larger on the fake, which, however, is only noticeable in direct comparison. Current counterfeits fit without problems into original Montblanc writing instruments and, conversely, original refills also fit current counterfeit rollerballs.


How do you identify an old Montblanc Meisterstück with the imprint 'D.R.P.' and the nib markings 4810/M/250?

The pen described is a Meisterstück 139, clearly recognisable by its size and the two silver cap rings. The missing '139' engraving is not unusual. The combination with a steel nib (instead of one marked 'G' for gold) and a long ink window points with high probability to a production between 1940 and 1943 — during the war steel nibs were used due to a gold shortage. The market value lies, depending on condition, between roughly 700 and 1,700 euros; well-preserved pieces can also be traded above that.


Which Montblanc fountain pen is used for entries in the Golden Book of the City of Dortmund?

For entries in the Golden Book of the City of Dortmund a Montblanc Meisterstück No. 146 in the classic version is used. The fountain pen has a 14-carat gold nib with platinum inlay in nib width B and is fitted without engravings or decorations. It has been in official use since the 1980s together with a matching pen stand; the writing instruments used previously also came from Montblanc. The Golden Book itself was designed in 1899 on the occasion of the opening of the port of Dortmund by Kaiser Wilhelm II by Professor Mayer of Heidelberg together with Karl Eyth and financed by Heinrich Wencker, owner of the Dortmund Brewery zur Kronenburg; the matching golden inkwell with little tower-corners was donated by the owner of the Dortmunder Zeitung Gustav Krueger and designed by Paul Drescher in silver, gilded, partly polished and adorned with gemstones. The book cover itself consists of engraved silver, is partly gilded and decorated with ruby-backed rock crystals, coal spheres and pieces of translucent and opaque enamel; between the covers, now in the fourth edition, lie hand-made paper pages. Before each entry the book is given to a graphic studio that calligraphically inscribes the name, function and background. The fountain pen is checked for ink level and cleanliness and placed without cap into the pen stand for the ceremony; the set is supplemented by a blotter roller. Should the 146 fail, a second Montblanc writing instrument stands ready as a backup. After the ceremony, pen and book are kept under the supervision of the protocol chief in the safe, while the book cover, together with inkwell, official chain and parts of the council silver, is exhibited in an alarm-secured display case in the city hall foyer.


Which fountain pen is suitable as a higher-end entry-level pen after Lamy/Pelikano, without immediately stepping into the high-priced Montblanc class?

Collectors strongly recommend having several models demonstrated and writing extensively in a well-stocked specialist shop before buying, since nib width and feel act very differently for each individual. Recommended entry-level addresses include the Schreibkultur shop of Ingrid Janik in the Leipzig Mädler-Passage and the Faber-Castell shop of the same owner. In the mid-price segment around 50 euros, models such as the Faber-Castell Ambition Edelharz or a Lamy Studio are good candidates; above that begins the world of Pelikan, while Montblanc's pricing only starts where Lamy and Pelikan already end. Important when test-writing is to check both the nib width and the size and balance of the barrel, since a too small or too large pen will be unpleasant even with a perfect nib.


How can the Montblanc 147 Traveller be cleaned in practice?

Montblanc recommends cleaning fountain pens at least once a month with clear water; with black ink more often. Simply holding the 147 under water is, however, problematic because the inner metal parts can oxidise; only by long drying before renewed use can this danger be reduced, although ink residues can hardly be removed completely this way. An ultrasonic bath is another possibility, but rarely available in practice; in addition, a simple ink change is hardly possible with it. The most practical approach is to fit a standard Montblanc piston converter, which fits well and protrudes far enough out of the barrel to be operated comfortably; with it, cleaning the 147 becomes an easy routine.


Which Montblanc Meisterstück model is a 135 mm long pen with a 14k/585 gold nib, the inscription Mont Blanc Meisterstück on the cap ring and W-Germany on the cap?

From the dimensions, several Meisterstück models come into consideration: a 149 would be clearly larger, a LeGrand 146 likewise, so only the Classique 144, the Hommage à Mozart or the Hommage à Chopin remain. In favour of the 144 Classique speak the length of about 135 mm, a single-coloured gold nib type and the single gold ring directly in front of the nib. A missing model number on the cap is not an exclusion criterion, as not all Classique models bear such marking. For safe identification, collectors recommend comparison with the detailed model overviews on fountainpen.de and in the forum articles on classic Meisterstücks, as well as uploading detail photos.


Are repair costs of around 130 euros for a stiff piston mechanism on a roughly 2.5-year-old Montblanc Meisterstück 146 reasonable?

Collectors regard 130 euros for a pure piston repair on a black Meisterstück 146 as clearly excessive, since Montblanc has been working with flat-rate repair fees for years and even the complete replacement of a black Meisterstück without nib lies below this sum. Forum reports cite figures of around 42 euros for a general overhaul including renewal of piston thread, seals and feed and shipping. The recommendation is first to fix the stiffness by repeatedly flushing with clear water and then to call Montblanc customer service directly to clarify the flat fee, bypassing any dealer surcharges. The piston mechanism of the Meisterstücks has been almost unchanged since the 1960s and is very robust under normal care, which is why a real defect is unusual.


Has there ever been a black star on Montblanc writing instruments, or is a dark-looking star always a sign of counterfeit?

A black, printed star on print material or packaging is always a counterfeit feature. On the writing instruments themselves, however, the finding is more nuanced: between the 1930s and 1950s, on the inexpensive 3rd series (e.g. models 3-42 or 333½), the star was not inlaid but only engraved as an outline into the cap and not filled with colour. These pens were jokingly called 'Montblanc for the poor' at the time, since Montblanc reserved the fully filled star for the higher-quality models. A dark or black-looking star on a pre-war or early post-war 3rd series model is therefore not a sign of counterfeit but a period-typical execution.


How do you change the lead in the Montblanc 161 LeGrand Meisterstück twist pencil with 0.9 mm, and what should you do when the mechanism only clicks?

The LeGrand twist pencil in 0.9 mm calibre does have a lead reservoir but must be reloaded from the front: remove the old lead, turn the upper part to the left until a slight click is heard, insert a new lead and feed it into the pencil by turning left. If the mechanism continues to click without the lead advancing, remnants of the old lead are presumably stuck in the tip; turning right makes the lead end visible so it can be pulled out with tweezers. The LeGrand twist pencils are regarded among collectors as the best on the market and not prone to fiddling in meetings. With persistent defects forum members recommend first going to a competent Montblanc specialist dealer (e.g. Knoblauch in Heidelberg or Bürohaus Lehr in Trier) for an on-site check, before sending the pen in to the boutiques in Frankfurt, Stuttgart or Hamburg.


Which wine inks does the Jansen ink manufactory offer, and how were they tested?

The Jansen ink manufactory offers a variety of wine inks, of which the following were tested: Bordeaux, Barolo, Blauer Portugieser, Lemberger and Dornfelder. As expected, each of these inks has a typical scent corresponding to the respective wine; above all the clear colour differences are remarkable, since each ink has its own character. The writing test was carried out with a Montblanc Meisterstück 146 with an OBB nib and a Montblanc Meisterstück with an OM nib on normal copy paper. Since copy paper usually does not have particularly high quality, fraying at the edges can occur with more flowing inks. On higher-quality papers this effect does not appear.


Which Montblanc ballpoint models in the 200–300 euro budget are sensible besides the Meisterstück Classique 164, and where can you obtain them safely?

The list prices of Solitaire ballpoints at Montblanc are basically above 300 euros; in the 200–300 euro range a Solitaire model can be found at most second-hand or as new with reputable eBay sellers or via the sales sections of relevant collector forums. Within the Solitaire line the Classique versions in gold or platinum are at the lower end; a complete overview of materials and model variants can be found on fountainpen.de. For online purchase collectors recommend monitoring several auctions in order to determine reference prices and thoroughly comparing equipment features against relevant collector pages to rule out counterfeits. To care for gold alloys soft cloths suffice; aggressive polishing should be avoided.


Which refill fits a Montblanc lever ballpoint No. 18 from the 1960s, whose original giant refill is too slim for the giant refills sold today?

The thicker giant refill commonly sold today no longer fits directly into the Montblanc No. 18 from the 60s, since the writing tip of the ballpoint was designed only for the slimmer first-generation giant refill. Collectors report that authorised Montblanc specialist dealers and the boutique offer an adapter with which current giant refills can be used in younger lever ballpoints (e.g. No. 782); on the model 18 this adapter does not help, however, due to the still slimmer tip geometry. In the 1970s, after the change to the thicker writing tip, Montblanc offered free replacement tips for around ten years; this programme has been discontinued for decades. The only practical solution that remains is therefore usually to search for old stocks of the old giant refill or for an original replacement tip via collector channels.


How do you correctly maintain the metal mechanism of older fountain pens?

At least once a year the metal mechanism of older fountain pens should be treated with silicone spray to keep it operating smoothly. Mechanisms made of metal are mainly found in writing instruments up to the 1950s as well as in Skeleton Editions and pens of other makers such as the Doerrbecker Quintessenz. Current regular Montblanc writing instruments no longer have metal mechanisms and therefore do not need this kind of additional care.


Is Wenol suitable as a polish for Montblanc fountain pens, and which agent is right for which material?

Wenol is well suited for writing instruments made of older celluloid, e.g. for classic 3-series models like the 342, but it should not be used on precious resin (Resin); there Xerapol or Displex deliver better results. On the 144 in precious resin Displex is unproblematic, on the celluloid 342 it is to be avoided since the material can swell strongly. Every polish removes substance from the surface and can additionally damage gold plating, which is why rings and clips should be covered with adhesive tape before polishing and frequent polishing should generally be avoided. Collectors point out that even Wenol can wear off gold plating with too much pressure, so one should always work sparingly and selectively.


What is already known about the Montblanc Writers Edition 2008 dedicated to George Bernard Shaw?

The Montblanc Writers Edition 2008 is dedicated to George Bernard Shaw. The writing instruments are made of green marbled lacquer with inlaid platinum-plated rings and are offered in the usual breakdown of fountain pen, ballpoint and rollerball. First images and an English-language description circulated initially via the Fountain Pen Network forum; later, flyers with images of the entire edition were distributed in Montblanc boutiques.


How do you reconnect the front section of a Montblanc 31 (3rd series of the 1950s) permanently to the barrel when both are loose after soaking in water?

On the Montblanc 31, by factory design, the front section and barrel are screwed, not glued; sealing is provided by a sealing ring that is set firm by the thread. If the front section can be pulled off without a thread, this regularly indicates a clean break or an earlier improper repair attempt in which the original thread was lost and the parts were then glued. Adhesive residues inside the front section as well as the absence of a recognisable thread starting point typically confirm this finding. In this case the pen is usually only fit as a parts donor; attempts to glue the connection again rarely lead to lasting results because of the ink-tightness required. Models from the 1950s can otherwise be unscrewed without problems for cleaning, with the rings not being mixed up.


Why is the Heiko Primus regarded as the 'Mercedes' among GDR fountain pens, and where was it used?

The Heiko Primus refutes the prejudice that there were no luxury writing instruments in the GDR: it is a particularly beautiful fountain pen which was somewhat more expensive but worth its price. It was popular not only in the GDR and the Comecon area but also in the West, where it was readily used as a promotional gift — accordingly it is often found with Western advertising imprints. East German firms also handed it out at trade fairs to particularly good customers, e.g. with imprints such as 'Greetings from Jena' from Zeiss. The Heiko Primus existed in various colours, including red.


Why should old fountain pens only be filled with water-soluble ink?

Older writing instruments should be filled exclusively with water-soluble ink, because only this allows cleaning to be carried out simply and gently. Whether an ink is water-soluble is normally indicated on the packaging; alternatively it can simply be checked whether the ink can be erased with an ink eraser, which is taken as an indication of water-solubility. Typical examples of water-soluble inks are Pelikan 4001 royal blue and Lamy royal blue.


How can counterfeits of the Montblanc Menuhin Special Edition — in particular the non-existent rollerball — be recognised?

Of the Montblanc Menuhin Special Edition there was officially only a fountain pen and a matching ballpoint, but never a rollerball. If a Menuhin rollerball is offered, it is therefore necessarily a counterfeit. The differences from the original are considerable: clip and fittings are gold-plated on the original, but made of steel on the counterfeit. The fake is clearly slimmer and rather rounder in shape, while the original is more powerfully designed. On the rear ring the original reads 'Philharmony of the Nations', while the counterfeit reads 'Philharmon / of the Nations'. The cap ring's open area differs: on the original it is patterned, on the counterfeit smooth. The clip shape is similar, but the front part of the violin ends earlier on the original; in addition, original clips are stamped, while counterfeits are mostly only simply bent. Under the clip the original bears the imprint 'Pix', missing on the counterfeit. Problematic is that the original Montblanc rollerball refills fit into current counterfeits, which is why owners of such a fake often only notice the fraud late.


Which book by Jens Rösler and Stefan Wallrafen covers Montblanc writing instruments between 1946 and 1979?

'Collectible Stars' by Jens Rösler and Stefan Wallrafen presents Montblanc writing instruments from 1946 to 1979 and is therefore the ideal complement to Rösler's earlier volume on the pre-war period. The work is aimed primarily at collectors and offers a comprehensive overview of the fountain pens, ballpoints and pencils produced in this epoch. It additionally contains guideline prices for mint-condition pens and thus also serves as a valuation aid.


Can you determine, on the basis of the nib engraving 4810/M/14K Montblanc 585 and a barrel length of 13.5 cm, which Meisterstück it is, and how do you protect yourself from counterfeits when buying on eBay?

The nib engraving 4810 is borne by every Montblanc gold nib and says nothing about the model; the 585 hallmark confirms 14-carat gold, the M the nib width Medium. With a length of only 13.5 cm a 146 LeGrand can be ruled out; smaller Meisterstücks such as the 144 Classique come into question. A reliable authenticity check is not possible from verbal descriptions alone, which is why purchase from an authorised specialist dealer or from reputable mail-order sellers such as scription.de is recommended. For eBay purchases collectors advise requesting high-resolution photos of nib, ink window, cap rings and clip and matching them with detail shots from relevant collector pages. Cartridge compatibility is given on Meisterstücks only with a few smaller models; classic Meisterstücks are piston fillers.


How are the Japanese makers Nakaya, Sailor, Pilot/Namiki and Platinum to be assessed in terms of quality, nib widths and sourcing options?

Japanese writing instruments from Pilot/Namiki, Sailor, Platinum and especially Nakaya are regarded by collectors as outstanding in quality and function and are partly perceived as superior to European and American models. Nakaya sells its pens exclusively by direct sales via email, makes them to customer specifications (e.g. tamenuri lacquer work) and ships worldwide; on imports into the EU value-added tax and import duties apply. With nib widths it should be noted that Japanese designations run narrower than European ones: F corresponds roughly to EF, M corresponds to F, so true B or even BB widths from Japanese makers are rare. By contrast, makers such as Nakaya offer truly flexible nibs and on request even flexible stubs as well as music nibs, which are barely available in Europe any more. Collectors recommend paying attention to a suitable nib grade when ordering and being aware of the longer delivery times and possible customs formalities.


Which paper makes a fountain pen's line appear as broad as possible without making the script look fussy?

Generally the rule is: the cheaper and more absorbent the paper, the broader the ink line appears, because the ink penetrates more strongly into the fibre structure and spreads. Paper that is too absorbent, however, carries the risk that the pen cannot keep up with ink flow and skips, or that fibres get into the nib slit and create a brush effect. Strongly satin or coated papers, on the other hand, make the line appear narrower than it actually is, which is why the nib width chosen in the shop often appears disappointingly narrow at home. Recommended are mid-range premium papers such as Gmund papers, Cranes Crest (with cotton-like fibre composition like banknotes) and, as all-rounders, Zanders Gohrsmühle or Classic. Collectors advise always testing a pen with one's own usual paper, as the perceived nib width varies considerably.


How can a counterfeit of a Montblanc Scott Fitzgerald rollerball be recognised?

There is no Montblanc Scott Fitzgerald rollerball in the Writers Edition; the edition comprises exclusively fountain pens, ballpoints and pencils. If a Scott Fitzgerald rollerball is offered, it is therefore necessarily a counterfeit. The packaging is barely distinguishable on the plagiarism from the original; at most the fake one looks somewhat darker. On the writing instrument itself two main features are decisive: the Scott Fitzgerald exists only in white, every black, blue, green or red variant is a fake; however, white counterfeits also exist. The shape also differs: the counterfeit is clearly slimmer, the original looks more pot-bellied. On closer inspection the grip section of the counterfeit comes from a Bohème counterfeit; on it the imprint 'Bohème' is even recognisable. Montblanc does not reuse parts from other editions in the Writers Editions, which is also regarded as a typical counterfeit feature. The included rollerball refill is also counterfeit and barely distinguishable from the original. In the case described, the pen was acquired for 150 euros in a Milanese designer shop and broke after only a short time.


Why does ink remain stuck in converters so the pen skips, and how can it be remedied?

The problem is a classic ventilation and adhesion issue: in the converter an air cushion must always remain between piston and ink, otherwise the pressure ratios change while writing and the ink flow breaks off. Even with sufficient air space, ink can adhere to the plastic walls because different converter plastics have differently strong adhesion forces; this was particularly pronounced on some Graf von Faber-Castell converters, less strong on Montblanc. Montblanc places a loose metal spiral in newer converters that keeps the ink moving and largely eliminates the problem; the current Parker piston converter also uses a spiral. A practical remedy is cleaning with diluted soap solution to reduce adhesion, or switching to cartridge or piston pens, on which the problem does not occur or only in a strongly mitigated form by design.


Are the engraving 'W-Germany' and a six-digit serial number on a Montblanc Meisterstück LeGrand signs of a counterfeit?

From these features alone no counterfeit can be deduced. The clip engraving 'W-Germany' regularly appears on writing instruments before 1991, so the seller's statement that the piece is younger than ten years is incorrect here; rather, it is an older original from the time before German reunification. The number of digits in the serial number is also not an authenticity criterion, since the format and length of the numbers have changed several times over the decades. A reliable assessment requires meaningful detail photos of nib, cap ring, clip and ink window, which can be matched against the relevant collector sources.


How does a counterfeit Bohème leather case differ from an original?

Already shortly after the introduction of the Bohème leather cases counterfeits appeared that are of inferior quality and clearly differ tactilely from the original. A first difference shows up on the leather itself: the original leather has a clear texture, while the counterfeit leather is smooth. The Montblanc star also deviates; on the counterfeit it appears rather jagged and is surrounded only by a thin metal ring, while the original carries the usual Montblanc star with a clearly broader metal ring. When opened, poorly executed seams can be seen inside the counterfeit. The inside logo is also poorly defined on the counterfeit; the star is hardly recognisable as such there.


Which GDR writing instruments are collector-worthy, and which Heiko models are among the best-known?

Writing instruments from the former GDR enjoy an ambivalent reputation among collectors: some hold them to be cheap mass-produced goods, others appreciate them as decidedly cult. On closer inspection GDR fountain pens impress with an independent design language, good writing behaviour and almost indestructible everyday usability.

The most important models of the Heiko brand include the Heiko Junior, a classic school fountain pen with a convincing steel nib, and the Heiko Sprint, also a school fountain pen; both were produced until German reunification and can still be found relatively often today. The Heiko Primus is regarded as the 'Mercedes' among GDR fountain pens and impresses with a timeless shape such as Western makers also preferred in the 1980s. The Heiko Trend aimed at an older, more upmarket target group than Sprint and Junior, but stayed below the level of the Primus. The Heiko Filius is the oldest of the models presented here, regarded as rare and came onto the market among others in purple-marbled and green-marbled variants. Beyond that, the Heiko 444, the Heiko P401 and an unidentifiable model from the 1960s are known from the Heiko programme.


Should you use only Montblanc ink in Montblanc fountain pens such as the Mozart, or can third-party inks also be filled in safely?

Collectors report repeated problems with certain third-party inks, especially Private Reserve, which in small Montblanc models like the Mozart lead to heavy 'soup' where cap and grip section are full of ink after a short time; comparable effects also occurred with a Pelikan M200. Thorough flushing before changing does not reliably eliminate the problem, since the small pin that opens the cartridge seal, or other components, can be permanently impaired by aggressive inks; even after returning to the original Montblanc cartridge the soup often continues to appear. Other inks, e.g. black inks from older inkjet cartridges, run by contrast without problems in larger models such as the 146. Anyone using third-party inks in smaller Meisterstücks risks a repair, in which Montblanc typically renews the front section and feed and only retains the old nib; the maker's note to use only Montblanc ink therefore has practical justification.


What history of the pencil is told in Henry Petroski's standard work 'The Pencil'?

Henry Petroski's 'The Pencil — The History of an Everyday Object' appeared in German translation in 1995 from Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, as a hardcover with about 408 pages and numerous illustrations (ISBN 3-7643-5047-4). Originally packed, shrink-wrapped copies additionally contain a Faber-Castell 9000 pencil. Petroski competently tells the history of the pencil starting in the time before its invention, describes the rise of new technologies, closely guarded trade secrets, improvements and well-known pencil families of the old and new world, and depicts a 'pencil world war' between entire industries. The to this day unfinished search for technical perfection is also a topic.

Cultural, technical and economic aspects interlock here. Drawing on old company records, Petroski quotes discussions of an Atlanta firm in the early 1920s on how wage structures were to be designed for the mass production of mechanical pencils — in a language that mirrors the social image of that time in an oppressive way. In the appendix is a contribution by Norbert Franzke and Peter Schafhauser on the pencil dynasty Faber-Castell.


Which Montblanc models were honoured by the readers of Pen World 2003?

Pen World is the leading US American magazine for high-quality writing instruments and bestows annual awards determined by the readership. In 2003 both essential titles went to Montblanc. The StarWalker was named Fountain Pen of the Year 2003, standing out through innovative design and convincing writing behaviour. The Jules Verne was named Limited Edition of the Year 2003, attracting attention especially through its novel surface.


Why do Unicef special editions of the Montblanc 149 have an 18-carat gold nib, while older standard 149s only have a 14-carat nib?

Current standard 149s are delivered with an 18-carat gold nib, while older variants of the 1990s often had 14-carat nibs, which explains the discrepancy between an older personal piece and newer special editions. The change to 18 carats took place in the early 2000s as a general upgrade in model maintenance. In France 18 carats was already common before, because there gold is only spoken of from this purity, which is why country-specific nib variants existed in the past as well. The 149s auctioned for Unicef as well as the three limited Unicef-4810-149s (e.g. Tom Sachs) carry 18-carat nibs, which underscores the special significance of the literacy project.


Is the Montblanc Bohème suitable for a heavy writer who has been satisfied with a Lamy 2000, and which Bohème variant (Mid- or Big-Size) should you watch for?

Heavy writers used to a Lamy 2000 will usually find the regular Mid-Size Bohème too small and too light; the two pens differ fundamentally in size, weight and ink capacity. The Bohème was offered as a Mid-Size with a stone in the clip and a retractable nib and as the no-longer-produced Big-Size Bohème Platinum the size of a Meisterstück LeGrand without a stone in the clip; only the Mid-Size has a stone, and only the Big-Size reaches the size of an everyday LeGrand, although there too the nib is retractable. Nib widths such as OB or OBB are not standard and are little suited to everyday use, but rather signature nibs. Collectors strongly advise buying from an authorised specialist dealer rather than online, because there nib widths can be exchanged subsequently and originality is guaranteed.


What does Miroslav Tischler's book document about Eduard Slavoljub Penkala and the Penkala works?

In his elaborately researched book Miroslav Tischler has documented the life and work of Eduard Slavoljub Penkala (1871–1922) as well as the history of the firm Edmund Mostar & Co. — the later Penkala works. Penkala was not only an important designer and inventor in the writing-instrument field but also the constructor and pilot of the first aircraft built in Croatia. Presumably it was he who invented the piston filler; in 1927 the Penkala works sold the patent of a fountain pen with differential piston to Günther Wagner, from which the well-known Pelikan fountain pens later emerged. Penkala also held patents for mechanical pencils, further writing instruments and improvements to the gramophone or to the material of gramophone records.

The large-format volume (about 24 x 33 cm) comprises around 152 pages with excellent photos of writing instruments, documents, ads and advertising. Content-wise it is divided into preface, history of Penkala and the Penkala works, writing instruments (filling pencil, mechanical twist pencil, fountain pen, safety pen, lever filler, push filler, bumper pen, eyedropper system, piston filler), factory in Lepoglava, other products of the Penkala factory, clips, nibs, art of advertising as well as chapters on other Croatian stationery makers — including Günther Wagner K.D. Pelikan factories in Zagreb — and other international makers. From the last chapter previously unknown piston fillers such as Juwel (Deutsche Füllhalterwerke GmbH, formerly Angloamer) or OWA (Peter Jungmann, Heidelberg/Dossenheim) can also be unambiguously assigned. In 1909 Penkala incidentally founded a Berlin branch in which writing instruments were also produced.


Are Montblanc writing instruments such as the Solitaire Carbon Classique or the Jules Verne Edition really suited to daily use?

Collectors unanimously confirm that Montblanc writing instruments are unrestrictedly suitable for everyday use, from filigree Solitaire models to the classic 146/149 line. Reports include daily use of a 146 over more than ten years without loss of function or substance, as well as the use of a Bohème or Jules Verne as a constant companion in a professional environment; even manual activities the pens endure. Anyone who wants to write with quality should use the pen consciously and not lock it away from exaggerated worry, since regular use keeps the pen in shape. High-priced materials such as carbon or gold change nothing about robustness but are to be handled more care-consciously. With frequent use collectors recommend a rollerball or mechanical-pencil model as a complement to the fountain pen, in order to avoid changing ink in meetings.


What are Authograph Sets and picture frames of the Montblanc Writers Edition, and which official variants exist?

The Authograph Sets of the Writers Edition are special packagings about twice as large as the standard version and contain additional material on the author. Included are an image of the author with a recreated but handwritten signature as well as reproduced handwritten texts. The picture frames likewise contain, alongside the writing instrument, a sheet with the author's portrait and a reproduced handwritten text. Official Authograph Sets include Oscar Wilde Pencil with Ident no. 09051, Voltaire Pencil with 09052, Dumas N Fountain Pen with 09053, Dumas N Pencil with 09054, the Dumas N 3-piece set with 09055, the Dostoevski Fountain Pen with the numbers 09104 in M and 09105 in B, and the Schiller Fountain Pen with 09108 in M and 09109 in B. Picture frames with an inset writing instrument do not count as part of the official product range; many of these frames were made for promotional purposes and were never sold regularly, which is why on the market additionally self-assembled pieces circulate. The edition sizes of the Authograph Sets and the picture frames are not known; they were produced primarily to sell off remaining stocks.


What option do specialist dealers have to borrow Montblanc plagiarisms for training purposes?

Specialist dealers are offered the option of borrowing various Montblanc counterfeits free of charge for one week to train their staff. Only shipping costs of 6.70 euros for a corresponding parcel apply; after one week the writing instruments are to be sent back insured. Available as demonstration pieces are a Bohème Solitaire Silver fountain pen, a StarWalker fountain pen, a Menuhin rollerball, an Anniversary Platinum fountain pen, a Sienna case, a Bohème case, a rollerball refill and various piston converters. Dates can be agreed in advance, since plagiarisms are already on loan until early September.


Which model is a round Montblanc writing instrument hallmarked silver 900, with four sliders and a separate lead reservoir under the cap?

What is described is a four-colour pencil, probably from the 1930s, in which different leads can be advanced alternatively via four sliders and the lead reserve is stored in the rear container under the screw-off cap. Collectors point to illustrations of similar models in the Rössler book on Montblanc, in which, however, no clear model numbers are documented for these early four-colour pencils, since Montblanc did not consistently work with model numbers at the time. An angular variant is shown on fountainpen.de under old-30er-4-colour-pencil; round versions with a circumferential clip ring are rarer but contemporaneously documented. An exact value statement is not possible without photo and condition assessment; collectors recommend posting good detail pictures on the forum and consulting the relevant collector literature (Rössler, Tischler).