The unknown brand name and the construction of the overlay point to Italian production; an unambiguous assignment is, however, difficult without further sources. Hints from collector circles refer to the book by Jens Rösler, in which some small brands are described as sub-brands of known manufacturers like Montblanc. An exact dating and value estimate is only possible through direct comparison with similar Italian jewellery pens, which is why an enquiry in Italian collector forums is worthwhile. With private manufacture without traceable maker, the value remains above all a material one (gold content of nib/overlay) as well as an emotional one.