FEND was founded in 1899 in Pforzheim and made, among other things, in the 1920s and 1930s, the overlays for Montblanc, which is documented in Lambrou (Fountain Pens of the World). FEND is known above all for multi-colour pencils with slide and pendulum-feed mechanism (magic mechanism), which Parker and other brands also had made at FEND, first with pencil/coloured-pencil leads, later with ballpoint refills. Up to the 1960s FEND also produced fountain pens that were innovative in design and nib shape and presumably inspired Mario Bellini for the Lamy Persona. With the death of the last owner shortly before or after the 100-year company anniversary, FEND disappeared from the market; patent hints can be found, among others, in the Montblanc catalogue of 1936 (page 38); original patents can be inspected at the patent office.