The brand designation "(Standard)" in brackets was used by a company that produced safety fountain pens; possibly it was a predecessor company of Standard-Matador in Wuppertal-Elberfeld. The construction with the designation "18 KR" alternatively points to an Italian origin — unusual are e.g. two eyelets, one on the cap and one on the rotatable barrel end, which is atypical. The gold overlays could come from an Italian jeweller; the basic body can come from any manufacturer. Without nib engraving and further clues, the brand cannot be unambiguously assigned.